Enigmatic HUFA that holds key to the cognition immunity and
FOUR MAJOR PRODUCTS (UPON FDA APPROVAL)
Research, Discovery, Application of the Knowledge
Rabbit hole
You have landed to this page. If you are a scientist, you must be curious what this visit leads you to.
If you are business person, you are curious to see what’s this all about at the first visit. Is there an investment opportunity?
If you just want to learn about DHA, you need to buckle up. This site may reveal much more than what is written on Wikipedia currently.
Let’s investigate this rabbit hole. Because so much written is only partially right, and that leads to lies for market manipulation.
Oxidation, Oxidative level, Free electron, Cognition, Antioxidant, Redox, Membrane Permeability, Phosphatidic Acid DHA, Non-Esterified DHA, Phospholipid DHA,
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 22:6(n−3) is a molecule that is crucial to the life of animals. It is abundant in marine animals, due tothe production by marine microorganisms, such as green algae and dinoflagellates. Mammals like h umans can produce DHA if there is precursor molecule alpha linolenic acid (ALA).
History of nutritional DHA supplementation is not very long. Martek Bioscience had developed methods to produce triglyceride DHA (DHA oil) started marketing it as an additive for infant formula, which was critically lacking the ingredient over natural mothers milk. Technology to grow Koni cells to produce DHA is originally developed by NASA in the ‘80s for maintaining the life in space. The technology such as Koni cell’s growth conditions, and feed compositions are in the public domain now. In order to create the company’s value, Martek and IP lawyers at Martek had to devise the strategy. Patent laws do not allow natural species of organisms to be patented for exclusivity. They have made the genetically modified cell and deposited in the public cell collection library American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) in Virginia. This Martek cell MK8840 is distinct from other strains of Koni cells. Martek’s patent strategy included to document all the known producers of DHA at the time, and patent them. Their scientists went on to study and found out that unlike the green algae that may or may not have large proportion of DHA in their lipid profile, Koni cells had distinct DHA synthase enzyme, which produces DHA without another omega 3 ALA for its precursor. This type of DHA synthase enzymes were called Polyketide Synthase System (PKS) and they identified three of them in bacteria. Martek scientists quickly incorporated the DNA sequences of these three into another dinoflagellate that had EPA but not DHA. Patented three strains and deposited them at ATCC. Martek’s patent strategy was to leave the secret in open, (as patent does) and kept key information in private, which was so successful, number of ill prepared entrants caught in infringement later in their development. The name of casualties includes some very large companies, and a then promising venture. Lonza, Solazyme, then turned TerraVia, ADM, Alltech, and lastly, Cargill. Cargill did not grow and culture the GMO cells, but they purchased a patented GMO seed, that was an infringement of the PKS patent that claim included any GMO species derived from the above mentioned DNA sequences. PhytoSmart had studies the Martek MK8840, but not gone into the production, nor used the GMO Schizochytrium for its production. PhytoSmart did not tried to cheat the patent. Rather, we suspect that one of the Martek’s sequenced PKS is not from bacteria origin, rather it is from Koni™ cells that is natural, and not patentable as a natural
species.
When Martek was acquired by DSM in 2011 or so, at one billion dollars, Martek did not have sales revenue of $400 million. Martek needed antioxidant in order to protect DHA from peroxidation, and at the time, DSM is undisputed world leader in the production and sales of synthetic tocopherol, vitamin E. It made sense to DSM as a world dominating antioxidant producer for fish oil supplement to acquire another very profitable market segment under its own wing. It is apparent from the the behavior of DSM, post-acquisition of
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) 22:6(n−3) is a molecule that is crucial to the life of animals and mostly all living cells. It is abundant in marine animals, due to the production by marine microorganisms, such as green algae and dinoflagellates. Mammals like humans can produce DHA if there is precursor molecule alpha linolenic acid (ALA). It seems there have been shortages of DHA for homo sapience (humans) in part of the evolution, and in the history. I think the disappearance of Inca was directly related to the shortage.
Funded Research Papers as well as related supporting document will be posted as it becomes available. Key words are: Lipid Peroxidation, DHA, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Alzheimer’s Disease, Mitochondria Dual Oxidase, tocopherol, Organic Alternative to Synthetic Antimicrobials (OASA), Pullulan, oxygen eater
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